Parole is the supervised release of an incarcerated person before the end of their full sentence, allowing them to serve the remainder of that sentence in the community under specific conditions. It is not the same as being finished with a sentence; a person on parole is still under the authority of the corrections system and must follow rules set by a parole board or supervising agency. This guide explains how parole works, how the decision is made, and what happens if the rules are broken.
What Does Parole Mean?
When someone is granted parole, they leave prison but remain under supervision, usually by a parole officer, for a set period. The idea is to support a gradual, monitored transition back into society while continuing to hold the person accountable. Parole is different from probation, which is often ordered instead of incarceration; parole comes after a period of imprisonment.
It is also different from release programs like work release or confinement arrangements such as house arrest, though some parolees may have conditions that involve electronic monitoring.
How the Parole Process Works
While the details vary by jurisdiction, the parole process often follows a general pattern.
Eligibility
A person usually becomes eligible for parole consideration after serving a certain portion of their sentence. Eligibility depends on factors like the offense, the sentence structure, and state or federal law. Being eligible does not guarantee release; it simply means the case can be considered.
The Parole Hearing
Many jurisdictions hold a parole hearing before a parole board. The board may review the person’s conduct in prison, participation in programs, release plans, and, in some cases, statements from victims. The incarcerated person may be able to speak or submit information on their own behalf.
The Decision
The board can grant parole, deny it, or postpone the decision. If parole is denied, the person may be told when they can be considered again. If granted, the person is released under a specific set of conditions.
Common Conditions of Parole
Parole almost always comes with conditions the person must follow. These vary by case but commonly include:
- Reporting regularly to a parole officer
- Maintaining employment or looking for work
- Staying within an approved geographic area and getting permission to travel
- Avoiding contact with certain people, such as victims or co-defendants
- Refraining from drugs and, in some cases, alcohol, sometimes with testing
- Not committing any new offenses
- Attending required counseling or treatment programs
- Wearing an ankle monitor in some cases
Some conditions are standard for everyone on parole, while others are tailored to the individual’s situation.
What Happens if Parole Is Violated?
A parole violation happens when a person fails to follow their conditions. Violations are often divided into two general types:
- Technical violations, such as missing a meeting with a parole officer, failing a drug test, or leaving an approved area without permission.
- New offense violations, which involve being charged with or committing a new crime.
When a violation is alleged, there is often a review or revocation hearing. Depending on the seriousness and the jurisdiction, consequences can range from a warning or added conditions to being returned to prison to serve part or all of the remaining sentence.
Supporting a Loved One on Parole
Family support can make a real difference during parole. Helping with stable housing, transportation to appointments, job leads, and simply staying in touch can ease the transition. Understanding the conditions your loved one must meet also helps you avoid accidentally putting them at risk of a violation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is parole the same as probation?
No. Parole is supervised release after a period of incarceration, while probation is often ordered instead of jail or prison time. Both involve supervision and conditions, but they happen at different points.
Who decides whether someone gets parole?
In many jurisdictions a parole board makes the decision after reviewing the case and, often, holding a hearing. Some systems use different structures, so it varies by location.
Can parole conditions change over time?
Yes. Conditions can sometimes be adjusted based on the person’s progress or circumstances. Any changes are handled by the supervising agency or board.
What is a technical violation?
A technical violation is a breach of parole rules that is not a new crime, such as missing an appointment or failing a drug test. Consequences vary by jurisdiction and severity.
Can someone be sent back to prison for a parole violation?
Yes, that is possible, especially for serious or repeated violations. Outcomes depend on the nature of the violation, the jurisdiction, and the results of any revocation hearing.
Parole laws, eligibility rules, and conditions vary significantly by jurisdiction. Always confirm the specifics with the facility, the parole board or supervising officer, or a qualified attorney. This article is for general information only and is not legal advice. To learn more about staying connected before release, see our guide on how to visit an inmate.
